유태인 출신 노벨문학상 수상자 명단

JEWISH NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN LITERATURE (12% of world total, 27% of US total) Listed below are recipients of the Nobel Prize in literature who were, or are, Jewish (or of half-Jewish descent, as noted). Paul von Heyse #,1 (1910) Henri Bergson # (1927) Boris Pasternak # (1958) Shmuel Agnon # (1966) Nelly Sachs # (1966) Saul Bellow # (1976) Isaac Bashevis Singer # (1978) Elias Canetti # (1981) Joseph Brodsky # (1987) Nadine Gordimer # (1991) Imre Kertész 2 (2002) Elfriede Jelinek 3 (2004) Harold Pinter 4 (2005) NOTES # Encyclopaedia Judaica (1997 CD ROM edition).  (This source was listed by the Library Journal as one of its "Top 50 Reference Works of the Millennium.") 1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1910/heyse-autobio.html. 2. See http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-bio.html. 3. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother.  In a 1998 interview, Jelinek stated "Mein Vater war auch Jude"; see http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/98/12/jellinek.htm and http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/bio-bibl.html. 4. See http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/bio-bibl.html. In Conversations with Pinter, by Mel Gussow (Grove, New York, 1996, p.103), Pinter describes his mother and father as "very solid, very respectable, Jewish, lower middle class people." Listed below is a selection of prominent fiction and nonfiction authors who were, or are, Jewish (or of partial Jewish descent, as noted).  For lists of Jewish playwrights, screenwriters, poets, and other Jewish writers, see Jews in Literature.     유태인출신 유명 작가와 작품 Shmuel Agnon, The Bridal Canopy A Guest for the Night, The Day Before Yesterday 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature Vasily Aksyonov 1, The Burn, Generations of Winter, The Island of Crimea Aharon Appelfeld, Badenheim 1939, The Immortal Bartfuss, The Age of Wonders, The Story of a Life: A Memoir (2004 Prix Médicis étranger) Sholem Asch, The Nazarine, The Apostle, Three Cities, Salvation, East River Isaac Asimov, I, Robot, Foundation Trilogy Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy, Leviathan (1993 Prix Médicis étranger) Isaac Babel, Red Cavalry, Odessa Tales Giorgio Bassani, The Garden of the Finzi-Continis Vicki Baum, Grand Hotel Saul Bellow, The Adventures of Augie March, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog, Mr. Sammler's Planet, Humboldt's Gift (1976 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction); 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature Henri Bergson, L'Evolution Créatrice (Creative Evolution); 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature Biblical Authors, The Bible (Jewish and Christian Scriptures) Robert Bloch, Psycho Kazimierz Brandys, Samson, Antygona, Troy, Open City, Man Does Not Die Hermann Broch, The Death of Virgil, The Sleepwalkers Max Brod, The Redemption of Tycho Brahe Anita Brookner, Hotel du Lac (1984 Booker Prize) Elias Canetti, Auto-da-Fé, Masse und Macht (Crowds and Power), Das Gewissen der Worte (The Conscience of Words); 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature Miguel de Cervantes 2, Don Quixote Michael Chabon, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2001 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Hélène Cixous, Inside (Dedans, 1969 Prix Médicis) Albert Cohen, Belle du Seigneur Marcia Davenport, The Valley of Decision, Easy Side, West Side Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil, Vivian Grey, Coningsby, Tancred Alfred Döblin, Berlin Alexanderplatz E. L. Doctorow, Ragtime, World's Fair, Billy Bathgate, City of God Sergei Dovlatov 3, The Compromise, The Zone Maurice Druon 4, The Accursed Kings (Les Rois Maudits), Les Grandes Familles (1948 Prix Goncourt) Ilya Ehrenburg,The Ninth Wave, The Storm, The Thaw Harlan Ellison, Dangerous Visions Leslie Epstein, King of the Jews: A Novel of the Holocaust, Goldkorn Tales Edna Ferber, So Big (1925 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel), Show Boat, Cimarron, Saratoga Trunk Lion Feuchtwanger, Jud Süss (Jew Süss: A Historical Romance), Der jüdische Krieg (Josephus), Der Tag wird kommen (The Day Will Come) Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Civilization and Its Discontents, Totem and Taboo Romain Gary 5, The Roots of Heaven (1956 Prix Goncourt), The Life Before Us (1975 Prix Goncourt), Forrest of Anger, The Dance of Gengis Cohn Eugenia Ginzburg, Journey Into the Whirlwind Natalia Ginzburg 6, All Our Yesterdays, Voices in the Evening Nadine Gordimer, A World of Strangers, Burger's Daughter, The Conservationist (1974 Booker Prize); 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature David Grossman, The Yellow Wind Vasily Grossman, Life and Fate, Forever Flowing Joseph Heller, Catch-22, God Knows (1985 Prix Médicis étranger) Mark Helprin, Winter's Tale, A Soldier of the Great War Stefan Heym, The Crusaders Paul Heyse 7, Children of the World, In Paradise 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature Laura Z. Hobson, Gentleman's Agreement Roger Ikor, La greffe de printemps, Les eaux mêlées (1955 Prix Goncourt) Ilya Ilf, The Twelve Chairs, The Little Golden Calf Elfriede Jelinek 8, Women as Lovers, Wonderful, Wonderful Times, The Piano Teacher 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, In Search of Love and Beauty, Heat and Dust (1975 Booker Prize) Erica Jong, Fear of Flying, Inventing Memory: A Novel of Mothers and Daughters Franz Kafka, The Trial, The Castle, Amerika, The Roger Kahn, The Boys of Summer MacKinlay Kantor 9, Long Remember, Andersonville (1956 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Veniamin Kaverin, Two Captains Imre Kertész, Kaddish for a Child Not Born 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature Joseph Kessel, Bell de jour, Les Captifs, Les Coeurs purs (The Pure of Heart), L'Armée des ombres (Army of Shadows) Danilo Kiš  10, Garden, Ashes, Early Sorrows, Hourglass, The Encyclopedia of the Dead Arthur Koestler, Darkness at Noon, Arrow in the Blue, The Age of Longing, Insight and Outlook, The Sleepwalkers, The Act of Creation György Konrád, A Feast in the Garden, Homecoming Jerzy Kosinski, The Painted Bird, Being There Judith Krantz, Scruples, Princess Daisy Anna Langfus, Les bagages de sable (The Lost Shore) (1962 Prix Goncourt) Stanislaw Lec, Unkempt Thoughts Stanislaw Lem, Summa Technologiae, Cyberiad, Solaris Carlo Levi, Christ Stopped at Eboli Primo Levi, If This Is a Man, The Periodic Table, If Not Now, When?, The Drowned and the Saved Ira Levin, Rosemary's Baby, The Stepford Wives, The Boys from Brazil Jonathan Littell, Les bienveillantes (The Kindly ones) (2006 Prix Goncourt) Alison Lurie 11, Foreign Affairs (1985 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Arnošt Lustig, Night and Hope, Diamonds in the Night, The Street of Lost Brothers, A Prayer for Catherine Horowitz Norman Mailer, The Naked and the Dead, The Armies of the Night (1969 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction), The Executioner's Song (1980 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Bernard Malamud, The Fixer (1967 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction), The Natural, The Tenants, The Assistant David Malouf  26, An Imaginary Life , Fly Away Peter, The Great World, Remembering Babylon Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope Klaus Mann 12, Mephisto, Der Vulkan André Maurois, Les Silences du Colonel Bramble, À La recherche de Marcel Proust, Climats, Le Cercle de famille, Ariel Mendele Moykher Sforim, The Little Man, The Travels and Adventures of Benjamin the Third Steven Millhauser, Edwin Mullhouse (1975 Prix Médicis étranger), Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer (1997 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Patrick Modiano 13, Missing Person (1978 Prix Goncourt) Michel de Montaigne 14, Essays Elsa Morante 15, La storia, Aracoeli (1984 Prix Médicis étranger) Alberto Moravia 16, Two Women, The Conformist Harry Mulisch 17, The Assault, The Discovery of Heaven, The Procedure Irène Némirovsky, David Golder, Le Bal, Les mouches d'automne, Le vin de solitude, Les chiens et les loups, Les Biens de ce monde Amos Oz, A Tale of Love and Darkness, My Michael Cynthia Ozick, Art & Ardor, Heir to the Glimmering World, The Puttermesser Papers Dorothy Parker 18, The Collected Dorothy Parker Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature Georges Perec, La Vie mode d'emploi (Life: A User's Manual) (1978 Prix Médicis) I.L. Peretz, Bontshe the Silent, The Book of Fire: Stories by I.L. Peretz Belva Plain, Evergreen Chaim Potok, In the Beginning, The Chosen Marcel Proust 19, À la Recherche du Temps Perdu (In Search of Lost Time alternatively translated as Remembrance of Things Past) (1919 Prix Goncourt) Ellery Queen (pseudonym used by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee), Ellery Queen mystery novels, anthologies , and magazine Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, The Fountainhead, We the Living Mordecai Richler, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz Harold Robbins, The Carpetbaggers Fernando de Rojas, La Celestina Henry Roth, Call It Sleep Joseph Roth, The Radetzky March, Job Philip Roth, Portnoy's Complaint, Goodbye Columbus, American Pastoral (1998 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction), The Human Stain (2002 Prix Médicis étranger) Bernice Rubens, Madame Sousatzka, The Elected Member (1970 Booker Prize), A Solitary Grief Anatoly Rybakov, Children of the Arbat, Heavy Sand Carl Sagan, The Dragons of Eden (1978 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction) J. D. Salinger 20, The Catcher in the Rye Nathalie Sarraute, Tropismes, The Planetarium, The Age of Suspicion, The Golden Fruits, Between Life and Death Budd Schulberg, What Makes Sammy Run? Bruno Schulz, The Street of Crocodiles, Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass André Schwarz-Bart, Le Dernier des Justes (The Last of the Just) (1959 Prix Goncourt) Erich Segal, Love Story Anna Seghers, The Seventh Cross Meir Shalev, TheBlue Mountain, Esau, The Loves of Judith Irwin Shaw, Rich Man, Poor Man, The Young Lions Sidney Sheldon, The Other Side of Midnight, Rage of Angels Sholem Aleichem, Tevye the Dairyman and Other Stories, Some Laughter, Some Tears: Tales From the Old World and the New Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Magician of Lublin, Enemies: A Love Story, Satan in Goray, The Family Moskat, The Slave 1978 Nobel Prize in Literature Muriel Spark 21, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Manès Sperber, Burned Bramble, All Our Yesterdays Art Spiegelman, Maus (1992 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) Danielle Steel 22, Best-selling romance novels (more than 500 million copies sold) Gertrude Stein, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas Milton Steinberg, As a Driven Leaf George Steiner, The Portage to San Cristóbal of A.H. Irving Stone, The Agony and the Ecstasy, Lust for Life Arkady and Boris Strugatsky 23, Roadside Picnic, Monday Begins on Saturday Jacqueline Susann, Valley of the Dolls Italo Svevo, The Confessions of Zeno Alvin Toffler, Future Shock Yuri Trifonov 24, House on the Enbankment Elsa Triolet, A Fine of 200 Francs (1944 Prix Goncourt) Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August (1963 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction) Scott Turow, Presumed Innocent, Burden of Proof, The Laws of Our Fathers, Reversible Errors, Ordinary Heroes Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Sonechka (1996 Prix Médicis étranger), Kukotsky's Case Leon Uris, Exodus, Mila 18 Vladimir Voinovich 25, The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin Irving Wallace, The Prize Edward Wallant, The Pawnbroker, The Human Season Jerome Weidman, I Can Get It for You Wholesale Franz Werfel, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh, The Song of Bernadette Nathanael West, Miss Lonelyhearts, The Day of the Locust, A Cool Million Elie Wiesel, Night, Dawn, The Accident, The Gates of the Forrest,  A Beggar in Jerusalem (Le Mendiant de Jérusalem, 1968 Prix Médicis), All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs, And the Sea is Never Full: Memoirs 1986 Nobel Peace Prize Herman Wouk, The Caine Mutiny (1952 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction), The Winds of War, War and Remembrance, This is My God A. B. Yehoshua, A Late Divorce, Five Seasons, Mr. Mani Israel Zangwill, Children of the Ghetto Arnold Zweig, The Case of Sergeant Grischa Stefan Zweig, Amok, The Royal Game, The World of Yesterday NOTES 1. Jewish mother (Eugenia Ginzburg), non-Jewish father. 2. See, e.g., The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes, edited by Anthony Cascardi (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, p.4). Writing of Cervantes' parents Rodrigo de Cervantes and Leonor de Cortinas, Cascardi states in the Introduction: "While the family may have had some claim to nobility they often found themselves in financial straits.  Moreover, they were almost certainly of converso origin, that is, converts to Catholicism of Jewish ancestry."  While this view is now very widely held, it has not yet been definitively established. 3. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 4. Jewish father (Lazare Kessel, the brother of novelist Joseph Kessel). 5. Although born Roman Kacew to a Jewish couple, Nina and Leyba Kacew (who separated shortly after his birth), Gary claimed that he "never knew with any certainty who his father was"; see Romain Gary: The Man Who Sold His Shadow, by Ralph Schoolcraft (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2002, pp. 1, 48). 6. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 7. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 8. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 9. Born Benjamin MacKinlay Kantor to a Jewish father and a non-Jewish mother. See My Father's Voice: MacKinlay Kantor Long Remembered, by Tim Kantor (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988, pp. 28-29, 40, 48-49, 92). 10. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 11. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 12. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 13. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 14. According to both Donald Frame in Montaigne, a biography  (Hamilton, London, 1965, pp. 16-28) and Cecil Roth in "The Jewish Ancestry of Michel de Montaigne" [Chapter 14 of Personalities and Events in Jewish History  (Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1953, pp. 212-225)], Montaigne's maternal grandfather was a Jewish converso however, Montaigne's maternal grandmother came from an "Old Christian" (i.e., non-converso) family, as did his father. 15. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 16. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 17. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 18. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 19. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 20. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; raised Jewish. 21. Jewish father, mother of partial Jewish descent.  Although Spark had always maintained that only her mother's maternal grandfather was Jewish, documents in the possession of the office of the Chief Rabbi in London indicate that both of her mother's maternal grandparents were Jewish, which is consistent with her grandmother having been buried in the Jewish section of the Piershill Cemetery in Edinburgh.  In 1998, Spark conceded that "it's quite possible that Adelaide [her maternal grandmother] was born a Jew, that I got it wrong." See 15 April 1998 article "Document sparks family feud over writer's Jewish origins," by Dean Nelson in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 22. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 23. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see final paragraph of http://www.abstrugatskie.ru/strug_famil/. 24. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 25. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 26. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.