Democracy in America - Alexis de Tocqueville(전문)

Alexis de Tocqueville,

Democracy in America

Table of Contents: Volume I

 

Colophon

---

 

• The Author's Preface.
• The Exterior Form of North America
• Origin of the Anglo-Americans, and the Importance of this Origin in Relation to their Future Condition.
• Social Condition of the Anglo-Americans.
• The Principle of the Sovereignty of the People of North America.
• The Necessity of Examining the Condition of the States Before that of the Union at Large.
• Judicial Power in the United States and its Influence on Political Society.
• Political Jurisdiction in The United States.
• The Federal Constitution.
• Preface to Volume I, pt. 2.
• How it can be Strictly Said That the People Govern in The United States.
• Liberty of the Press in The United States.
• Political Associations in The United States.
• Government of the Democracy in The United States.
• What are the Advantages which American Society Derives from a Democratic Government?
• Unlimited Power of the Majority in The United States, and its Consequences.
• Causes which Mitigate the Tyranny of the Majority in The United States.
• Principal Causes which Serve to Maintain the Democratic Republic in The United States.
• The Present and Probably Future Condition of the Three Races that Inhabit the Territory of The United States.

 

Table of Contents: Volume II

 

• Introduction to the Second Volume.
  • Section I: Influence of Democracy on the Action of Intellect in The United States.

   

• Philosophical Method of The Americans.
• Of the Principal Source of Belief Among Democratic Nations.
• Why the Americans Show More General Aptitude and Taste for General Ideas that their Forefathers, The English.
• Why the Americans have never been so Eager as the French for General Ideas in Political Affairs.
• How Religion in The United States Avails itself of Democratic Tendencies.
• The Progress of Roman Catholicism in The United States,
• What Causes Democratic Nations to Incline toward Pantheism,
• How Equality Suggests to the Americans the Indefinite Perfectibility of Man.
• The Example of the Americans does not Prove that a Democratic People can have no Aptitude and no Taste for Science, Literature, or Art.
• Why the Americans are more Addicted to Practical rather than Theoretical Science.
• In What Spirit the Americans Cultivate the Arts.
• Why the Americans Raise Some Insignificant Monuments and Others that are Very Grand.
• Literary Characteristics of Democratic Times.
• The Trade of Literature.
• The Study of Greek and Latin Literature is Peculiarly Useful in The United States.
• How American Democracy has Modified the English Language.
• Of Some Sources of Poetry Among Democratic Nations.
• Why American Writers and Orators Use an Inflated Style.
• Some Observations of the Drama among Democratic Nations.
• Some Characteristics of Historians in Democratic Times.
• On Parliamentary Eloquence in The United States.
  • Section 2: Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of Americans.

   

• Why Democratic Nations Show a more Ardent and Enduring Love of Equality than of Liberty.
• Of Individualism in Democratic Countries.
• Individualism Strong at the Close of a Democratic Revolution than at Other Periods.
• That the Americans Combat the Effects of Individualism with Free Institutions.
• Of the Uses which the Americans Make of Public Associations.
• Of the Relation of Public Associations and the Newspapers.
• Relation of Civil to Political Associations.
• How the Americans Combat Individualism by the Principle of Self-Interest Rightly Understood.
• That the Americans Apply the Principle of Self-interest Rightly Understood to Religions Matters.
• Of the Taste for Physical Well-being in America.
• Peculiar Effects of the Love of Physical Gratification in Democratic Times.
• Why Some Americans Manifest a Sort of Spiritual Fanaticism.
• Why the Americans are so Restless in the Midst of their Prosperity.
• How the Taste for Physical Gratification's is United in America to Love of Freedom and Attention to Public Affairs.
• How Religious Belief Sometimes Turns Americans to Immaterial Pleasures.
• How Excessive Care for Worldly Welfare may Impair that Welfare.
• How, When Conditions are Equal and Skepticism is Rife, it is Important to Direct Human Actions to Distant Objects.
• Why Among the Americans All Honest Callings are Considered Honorable.
• What Causes Almost All Americans to Follow an Industrial Calling.
• How an Aristocracy may be Created by Manufactures.
  • Section 3: Influence of Democracy on Manners Properly so Called.

   

• How Customs are Softened as Social Conditions become more Equal.
• How Democracy Renders the Social Intercourse of the Americans Free and Easy.
• Why the Americans Show so Little Sensitiveness in their own Country and are so Sensitive in Europe.
• Consequences of the Preceding Three Chapters.
• How Democracy Affects the Relations of Masters and Servants.
• How Democratic Institutions and Manners Tend to Raise Rents and Shorten the Terms of Leases.
• Influence of Democracy on Wages.
• Influence of Democracy on the Family.
• Education of Young Women in The United States.
• The Young Woman in the Character of the Wife.
• How Equality of Condition Contributes in America to Good Morals.
• How Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes.
• How the Principle of Equality Naturally Divides the Americans into a Multitude of Small Circles.
• Some Reflections on American Manners.
• Of the Gravity of the Americans and why it does not Prevent them from often doing Inconsiderate Things.
• Why the National Vanity of the Americans is more Restless and Captious than that of the English. 1
• How the Aspect of Society in The United States is at once Excited and Monotonous.
• Of Honor in The United States and in Democratic Communities.
• Why so many Ambitious Men and so Little Lofty Ambition are to be Found in The United States.
• The Trade of Place-hunting in Certain Democratic Societies.
• Why Great Revolutions Will become More Rare.
• Why Democratic Nations Naturally Desire Peace, and Democratic Armies, War.
• Which is the Most Warlike and Revolutionary Class in Democratic Armies .
• Causes Which Render Democratic Armies Weaker than Other Armies at the Outset of a Campaign, and More Formidable in Protracted Warfare.
• Of Discipline in Democratic Armies.
• Some Considerations on War in Democratic Communities.

  • Section 4: Influence of Democratic Ideas and Feelings on Political Society.

     

• Influence of Democratic Ideas and Feelings on Political Society.
• That the Opinions of Democratic Nations about Government are Naturally Favorable to the Concentration of Power.
• That the Sentiments of Democratic Nations Accord with their Opinions in Leading them to Concentrate Political Power.
• Of Certain Peculiar and Accidental Causes which either Lead a People to Complete the Centralization of Government or Divert them from it.
• That Among the European Nations of our Time the Sovereign Power is Increasing, Although the Sovereigns are Less Stable.
• What sort of Despotism Democratic Nations have to Fear.
• Continuation of the Preceding Chapters.
• General Survey of the Subject,

   

 

 

Appendecies

 

 

• Appendix A
• Appendix B
• Appendix C
• Appendix D
• Appendix E
• Appendix F
• Appendix G
• Appendix H
• Appendix I
• Appendix J
• Appendix K
• Appendix L
• Appendix M
• Appendix N
• Appendix O
• Appendix P
• Appendix Q
• Appendix R
• Appendix S
• Appendix T
• Appendix U
• Appendix V
• Appendix W
• Appendix X
• Appendix Y
• Appendix Z
• Appendix AA
• Appendix BB

 

---